This leads to effects such as mydriasis, increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature. Most drugs classified as stimulants are sympathomimetics, that is they stimulate the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The violent and aggressive behavior associated with acute stimulant toxicity may partially be driven by paranoia. Acute toxicity has been reportedly associated with homicide, paranoia, aggressive behavior, motor dysfunction, and punding. In some cases, psychiatric phenomena may emerge such as stimulant psychosis, paranoia, and suicidal ideation. Neurocognitive enhancing effects of stimulants, specifically modafinil, amphetamine and methylphenidate have been documented in healthy adolescents, and is a commonly cited reason among illicit drug users for use, particularly among college students in the context of studying. Drugs such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine and methylphenidate have well documented ergogenic effects, while cocaine has the opposite effect. Many, but not all, stimulants have ergogenic effects. In higher doses, stimulants may also produce euphoria, vigor, and a decreased need for sleep. However, in higher doses, stimulants may actually decrease the ability to focus, a principle of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Stimulants in therapeutic doses, such as those given to patients with ADHD, increases ability to focus, vigor, sociability, libido and may elevate mood. For the category "amphetamines and prescription stimulants" (with "amphetamines" including amphetamine and methamphetamine) the value was 0.7%, and for MDMA 0.4%. It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall).
Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or comedown at the end of their effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs. Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. Ritalin: 20 mg sustained-release (SR) tablets
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